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Enhancing Cyber Defenses: A Closer Look at Changes in the NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0
In light of the increasing intertwinement of technology with nearly every aspect of our lives, cybersecurity is becoming a major concern around the world. With the sophistication of cyber threats, organizations of all sizes and industries need to establish a strong cybersecurity strategy to protect their data from these threats. To address these challenges and provide guidance to organizations, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has unveiled the NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0 (CSF 2.0).
A Brief Overview of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0
The NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0 represents an updated and improved version of its predecessor, the CSF 1.1. The framework serves as a comprehensive set of guidelines, best practices, and recommendations to help organizations better manage and mitigate cybersecurity risks.
The original NIST Cybersecurity Framework was released in 2014 to address the growing need for standardized cybersecurity practices across various industries. It provided a common language for organizations to communicate manage cybersecurity risks. With the rapid evolution of technology and the emergence of new cyber threats, the need for an updated framework became evident, leading to the development of CSF 2.0.
CSF 2.0 is the result of extensive collaboration between NIST and the global cybersecurity community. Feedback and insights from experts, practitioners, and organizations played a crucial role in shaping the framework.
What Are the Main Changes to the NIST Framework?
- Broader Utilization of the Framework:
One of the first notable changes is in the nomenclature and scope of the framework. To align with its wide-ranging adoption, the title has been simplified to "Cybersecurity Framework," departing from its original less used name, "Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity."
Moreover, the scope of the framework has been broadened, shifting its focus from solely critical infrastructure applications to encompass all organizations. This change acknowledges the universal applicability of the framework in addressing cybersecurity risks that cut across industries and sectors. The scope has been expanded internationally as well, acknowledging that cybersecurity is a concern for organizations around the world.
- Integration with Other Frameworks and Resources:
Recognizing the dynamic nature of the cybersecurity landscape, CSF 2.0 now establishes a stronger connection with other relevant frameworks and resources. NIST has diligently reviewed recent updates to various resources and incorporated them into the framework. This includes referencing the NIST Privacy Framework, NICE Workforce Framework for Cybersecurity, Secure Software Development Framework, Cybersecurity Supply Chain Risk Management Practices, and more. These connections ensure that the CSF remains a well-integrated and adaptable tool within the broader cybersecurity framework ecosystem.
- Enhanced Guidance for Implementation:
The NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0 enhances implementation support by introducing Implementation Examples, which offer practical step-by-step guidance for specific tasks. Framework Profiles have also been improved, providing clear steps and purpose for tailoring the framework. Notional Templates offer starting points for creating customized Framework Profiles and action plans. These changes simplify implementation and adaptability.
- Elevated Emphasis on Cybersecurity Governance:
CSF 2.0 introduces a new Function known as "Govern." This function encompasses organizational context, risk management strategy, cybersecurity supply chain risk management, roles, responsibilities, policies, processes, procedures, and oversight. The emphasis on people, processes, and technology has been woven throughout the implementation of the framework, acknowledging the multidimensional nature of effective cybersecurity governance.
- Emphasis on Cybersecurity Supply Chain Risk Management:
As supply chain vulnerabilities increasingly become a focal point of cyber threats, CSF 2.0 responds by introducing a new Category within the "Govern" Function specifically addressing cybersecurity supply chain risk management. This recognizes the critical role of secure software development and supply chain risk management in maintaining an organization's cybersecurity resilience. The content has been meticulously updated to reflect the latest NIST guidance and practices in this domain.
- Clarity in Cybersecurity Measurement and Assessment:
In CSF 2.0, understanding cybersecurity measurement and assessment is made clearer and more comprehensive. By pointing to NIST SP 800-55, the framework offers updated information on cybersecurity assessment. The concept of "Tiers" has been refined, focusing on cybersecurity governance, risk management, and third-party considerations. Moreover, the importance of continuous improvement is underscored through an all-new "Improvement" Category within the "Identify" Function.
Comparing Key Cybersecurity Frameworks: NIST, CMMC, and ISO/IEC 27032
Besides the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, there are other important cybersecurity frameworks as well, among which the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC), and ISO/IEC 27032, each offer a unique approach in enhancing organizational cybersecurity.
CMMC - Strengthening Defense Cybersecurity
The CMMC, led by the U.S. Department of Defense, ensures that contractors handling Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) adhere to cybersecurity standards. Its tiered model, from Level 1 to 5, escalates controls for heightened cybersecurity maturity within the defense supply chain. By integrating aspects from NIST CSF and ISO/IEC 27001, CMMC establishes a unified standard to enhance overall cybersecurity readiness in defense contracts.
ISO/IEC 27032 - Collaborative Cybersecurity Enhancement
ISO/IEC 27032 offers guidelines to fortify cybersecurity through global collaboration, emphasizing information sharing and cooperation among governments, organizations, and individuals. Addressing modern cyber challenges, it promotes a collective approach to risk response, advocating for international frameworks and policies to safeguard digital environments across interconnected boundaries.
About the Author
Vlerë Hyseni is the Digital Content Officer at PECB. She is in charge of doing research, creating, and developing digital content for a variety of industries. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact her at: content@pecb.com.